The Shallows Essay

He notices himself jump around a lot more than before and feels that it is becoming more and more apparent to the people he discusses his issues with. The main thing noticed that the author speaks of is although that we become more distracted and lose more of our deep thoughts as technologies change, but overall we are gaining more information since the internet is changing the way we think. It used to be before that there were libraries where you went to go study and read, but now the books online and Google have transcended to be able to find information faster, therefore seeing and learning more.Carr provides much info on different studies and experiments on how the human brain works regarding plasticity and how the human brain winks. The author points out that before the world wide web that the art of book writing was mulch more powerful, and it seems from his point five;u that he enjoyed the books more when people were actually writing by hand as opposed to typing books on compu ters now. From my perception he points out that older generations before new technological advances were prone to know more about one specific issue/item and were able to use deep reading to be empowered.Nowadays, the technology has kept our minds â€Å"distracted† and moving faster to see information more quickly as opposed to re-internet days since the information is readily available. He does a good providing the IQ test example where he states that we aren't smarter than our parents, but we're smart in different ways due to these technological advances, and the resources available compared to earlier generations. Analysis of The Shallows This book opened up my mind quite a bit and made me sit back and realize how Carts points are actually what I feel the majority of the time.I see every day how technology has changed the world and also how the way we think. It is obvious to see in the workplace and just in life that the newer generations finitely have more technological k nowledge than earlier generations. For example, a couple months ago my mother bought her first phone and she wanted me to show her how to operate and use the phone. I was far ahead Of her in the technology sense Of things, and it seems apparent that earlier generations try to avoid dealing with the new technological advances.It surprises me how many earlier generations stick with their â€Å"old school† phones just because they don't want to bother having to learn all that the phone does, and mostly because they despise of it as well. What was once a Barry full of books in primary/secondary schools has now transcended to everything being electronic due to the ever-changing technology and cost savings of not having to buy the books and storing them in the library, as well as hiring librarians to operate the facility.Also, the way we use to study and write papers has completely transcended to online capabilities in order to get whatever we need accomplished. I can't remember th e last time I have been to a library to gather information from credible sources such as encyclopedias, newspapers, articles, etc. It is essentially non-existent now u to the power of the internet. Personally, I agree with Carr and how the internet/technology has created basically a â€Å"scattered† brain and has completely changed the way we think. Member when was elementary/ middle school/high school and we did everything on the chalk board, wrote everything on notebook paper, and read hardback books. I felt like everything was a little bit easier to absorb and I think it was due to there being no distractions of technology. Not only was more focused in the material that I was learning but I felt the â€Å"deep thought† senses that Carr describes in the book. Even now in grad school, we are leaning away from the classic hardback books, and moving towards e-books on the Kindle that Carr talks about as well in the book.We have received one hardback book so far out of t he many classes we've taken thus far, and that could be due to the fact that it was accounting, but the rest have been via kindle. Of course see this transition more of a cost savings more than anything, but the ability to do this is due technological advances. I feel like it is easier and I feel more focused learning on a hardback book as opposed to looking at a screen. Even maneuvering around on kindle makes it a hassle and not as easy to find the info you are looking for is a huge reason why prefer the hardback book.It is much easier to physically flip through pages to get to the page you want. Also, highlighting, taking notes, putting sticky notes in the hardback book makes it much easier to study and remember where all your important info is for that specific book/class. What is funny is even as type this paper I feel the need to take more breaks, and the comical part is I picked up my phone to check my email as soon as I took a break. Personally, I think a huge part of castrat ions has to do with just people being so busy because of technology and the ability to check your phones, computers, etc. ND know you have a schedule filled. In earlier generations before technology' it took quite a while to relay information so the day to day life was much simpler per say. One chapter that stuck out to me was the Google chapter. Carr argues that Google is a huge distraction and basically in the business of distraction, and agree 100% with him. Even though the first thing people say when they are looking for something is â€Å"Google it†, Google definitely uses many distractions such as pop ups and advertisements to sway people to become distracted from their original destination.Major game changers regarding the internet are Twitter and Backbone. These social media platforms have completely changed the way people think, more so Twitter in my opinion. Find myself throughout the day checking Twitter every hour or so just to keep in the loop with all the news g oing on in the World, financial advice, sports, etc. I use this platform as opposed to sitting down and reading through a newspaper. Not only does it take more time to sit down and read a newspaper, it doesn't roved as much information that Twitter can.I have absolutely everything I need on my Twitter as far as the people/businesses that I follow and always seem to have the information faster than most people. Twitter has changed the world in how fast information is revealed, but again is a distraction as well. The ease of bringing up Twitter on any electronic device distracts you from your main goal at any given time. Backbone is a different type of social media that provides more of a social platform as far as knowing what other friends are doing at any given time. Ink this is more of a distraction than anything, but they are starting to move towards providing news updates as well. The way portray Backbone is if I see someone online at work then it is more of a playing around on t he internet talking/seeing what friends are up to. When I see Twitter, me personally, I feel it is more news based to gather info that you are interested in. Realizing the way we think currently and how we have changed due to technological advances will make me more aware Of situations in the workplace. Notice this daily just because of the fact that we conduct equines strictly via computer and internet now.It used to be that a trade floor would deal with trades manually and over the phone as well. Now traders use instant messaging and online trading platforms to conduct business, which makes it more efficient but at the same time is completely different than earlier business. Instant messaging allows me to be more productive when dealing with counterparts because you can be dealing with multiple customers at one time, rather than picking up the phone and talking to each one. At the same time instant messaging is a distraction in the sense f customers knowing that you are online and are able to IM you at any time.Many times I get Aim's when I am in the middle of completing daily work that needs to be done so have to stop what I'm doing to answer customer's questions since customer service is our top priority. Another place you see distraction a lot is in meetings and people with their cell phones. Probably the worst thing you can see in a meeting is people just scrolling on their phone while an important meeting is taking place. This is an area where technological advances hurt employees thinking and focus while in a meeting Hereford it has led me to keep my cell phone on silent and in my pocket during any meeting.

Large Intestine Essay

Many people often confuse the large intestine with the small intestine. However the large intestine is wider (about 3 inches) yet shorter than the small intestine  (in humans about 4. 9 feet in length as compared with 22 – 25 feet for the small intestine) and has a smooth inner wall. (Britannica)   Ã‚   The large intestine consists of the cecum, ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colon, rectum and anus. The longitudinal muscle of the muscularis  externa is concentrated into 3 bands called teniae coli. These 3 bands of muscle form pouches (haustra) because they are shorter than the rest of the colon. The epithelium of the mucosa is mostly goblet cells, and has a numerous  amount of crypts, there are no villi. (Martini, Ph. D. ) The ileocecal valve (sphincter) prevents materials from moving back into the ileum. In the upper half of the large intestine, enzymes from the small intestine complete the digestive process and bacteria produces the B vitamins (B12, thiamin, and riboflavin) as well as vitamin K. Martini, PhD) The large intestine’s primary function is to absorb water and electrolytes from digestive residues and storage of fecal matter until it can be expelled. The large intestine is the last attraction in digestive tube and the location of the terminal phases of digestion. In comparison to other regions of the tube, there are huge differences among species in the relative size and complexity of the large intestine. Nonetheless, in all species it functions in three processes:   (Marieb) *Recovery of water and electrolytes *Formation and storage of feces Microbial fermentation A wide variety of diseases and disorders occur in the large intestine. The most frequent and common disease of the large intestine is Crohn’s disease. The cause of Crohn’s disease is unknown. ( Britannica) Apart from the greater tendency for fistulas to form and for the wall of the intestine to thicken until the channel is obstructed, it is distinguishable from ulcerative colitis by microscopic findings. In Crohn’s disease, the maximum damage occurs beneath the mucosa, and lymphoid conglomerations, known as granulomata, are formed in the submucosa. Crohn’s disease attacks the perianal tissues more often than does ulcerative colitis. Although these two diseases are not common, they are disabling. ( Britannica) Because there is no specific etiology, a combination of anti-inflammatory drugs, including corticosteroids and aminosalicylic acid compounds, is used to treat Crohn’s disease. (Web MD) The drugs are effective both in treating acute episodes and in suppressing the disease over the long term. Depending on the circumstances, hematinics, vitamins, high-protein diets, and blood transfusions are also used. Surgical resection of the portion of the large bowel affected is often done. The entire colon may have to be removed and the small intestine brought out to the skin as an ileostomy an opening to serve as a substitute for the anus. In ulcerative colitis, as opposed to Crohn’s disease, the rectal muscle may be preserved and the ileum brought through it and joined to the anus. (Web MD) Lactose intolerance is the inability to digest significant amounts of lactose, the major sugar found in milk. Lactose intolerance is caused by a shortage of the enzyme lactase, which is produced by the cells that line the small intestine. Lactase breaks down milk sugar into two simpler forms of sugar called glucose and galactose, which are then absorbed into the bloodstream. Lactose intolerance is a problem caused by the digestive system. (lactose) People who do not have enough lactase to digest the amount of lactose they consume may feel very uncomfortable when they digest milk products.

Develop a Coherent Marketing Mix for a New Product or Service Essay

In this assignment, I am going to describe and explain how Apple uses the marketing mix for one of its latest product, a mini IPad. Marketing mix Marketing mix is commonly known as the 4Ps: product, price, place and promotion. These are controllable element and it importantly use when determined and adjusted until the right combination that serve the needs of the product’s consumers. Description of the product The product I have been chosen is one of the latest product of Apple which have been released during November 2012, the mini IPad. This new IPad is available in two models, one with Wi-Fi and another is Wi-Fi + cellular. The IPad mini has two colours which is black and white and the price range is from  £269 to  £529 Target market The target market that chosen for the mini IPad is male and female between the ages of 19 to 49, those that are currently in further education or in employment. Also, it is also targeting at Apple loyal customers. The reason for this market group is because, people between the ages of 19 to 49 are more likely to use high technology product. Especially with people who are in education and employment because they will need to use tablet for works purposes. Product life cycle When developing a product, Apple must consider factors such as, customers’ wants and needs, the physical appearance of the product, the quality and reliability of the product.  All products must go through a product life cycle which is an important concept in marketing. The product life cycle describes the stage that many products must go through. However, many products will not be able to reach to the final stages because of decrease in demand of product failure. The four stages of the product life cycle are; * Introduction – researching, developing and then launching the product * Growth – when sales are increasing at their fastest rate * Maturity – sales are near their highest, but the rate of growth is slowing down, e.g. new competitors in market or saturation * Decline – final stage of the cycle, when sales  begin to fall Reason for chosen product The reason that I have chosen the mini IPad is because; the mini IPad is one of the latest technologies available in the market at the moment. Moreover, it is also because, all the applications are available and easily to download from the Apple store that have been built in with the mini IPad. Plus, the mini IPad is light in weight and with the Wi-Fi and cellular connection available it is very easy to carry along. Therefore, this mini IPad has been designed to meet many of customers’ requirements of an ideal table which are; efficient, portable and easy to use. Another reason that made me to select out this product is because of its attractive appearance. Apple has designed this product to meet both genders as the mini IPad is available in two colours; black and white. Normally, the attractive classic black is an option for male while the stylist shinny white is for female. The appearance and packaging of the product is important because the consumers must look at the appearance first before knowing the quality of product. So, if the mini IPad is badly presented its may not be able to catch customers’ eyes. Moreover, one of another important reason for chosen the mini IPad is because, Apple is popular for developing quality and high performance product that can last for long time therefore, it is very likely that the mini IPad are also to have a high quality performance. Pricing Out of the 4Ps, price is the only element which creates sales revenue for Apple while all the others Ps are costs. . The price of an item is clearly an important determinant of the value of sales made. Researching consumers’ opinions about pricing is important as it indicates how they value what they are looking for as well as what they want to pay Pricing strategies is not an easy for business including Apple, to determine because the price must be reasonable and appeal to the target market. Within pricing strategies, there are three factors to its; cost based pricing, customer based pricing and competitor based pricing. Cost based pricing is when price is determined by adding a profit element on top of the cost of making the product. Customer based pricing is where prices are determined by what Apple believe customers will be prepared to pay. While competitor based pricing is where competitor prices are the main influence on the price set. Currently, the price range of the mini IPad is from  £269 to  £529. This price range is determined based on the combination of cost and customer based pricing. It is based on the cost based pricing because, people who are actually buying the mini IPad are not interested in the production cost of the product but instead, what they are interested in is the value which the mini IPad provides them. Moreover, it is also considered as customer based pricing because, the price range of the mini IPad is considered as a premium price for a tablet. However, demand for the mini IPad is still high because mini IPad are seen as quality product and people are obsessing about it so they are willing to pay at the high price, therefore the price for this product is seen as reasonable for the target market. Promotion Promotion is all about communication, the process where businesses tried to raise awareness of products to the customers. Therefore, the main aim of promotion is to ensure that customers are aware of the existence of the products and also, persuade and encourage customers to buy the products. Normally, business would use AIDA model for its promotion. AIDA stands for; * Attention : A process when Apple need to attract and grab the customers’ attention by having a standing out point. * Interest: A process where Apple need to create interest in the mini IPad by demonstrate its advantages * Desire: A process where Apple need to move from discussing benefits to specifically how those benefits will help that customer. * Action – A process of getting the customer to buy the mini IPad. Promotional mix Furthermore, there are many types of promotional mix which is promotional methods for Apple to choose from. Example of promotional mix are includes; advertising, personal selling, public relations, direct marketing and  special promotion. Not all businesses are using the same types of promotional mix so in term of Apple, because the mini IPad is a premium product, Apple is less likely to do a special promotion such as buy one get one free. But instead, promotional mix, that Apple would be using are like advertising. Because Apple is a large global business with high profits figures therefore, they are more likely to use expensive type of advertisement. For instance, a television adverts during a prime time slot, electronic billboard and whole page print advertisement on Guardian newspaper. Similarly, Apple are also likely to use direct marketing which is a channel agnostic form of advertising that allows Apple to communicate straight to customers via text message, website and email. As evidences, if people are to visit Apple webpage and sign up for newspaper, they will definitely find information about all new products of Apple including the mini IPad. Place Place in marketing is also known as distribution channel, a location or methods where customers can buy what the businesses is offered. So, the main objective of place in marketing mix is to make products available in the right place, at the right time. So for example, if there are no Apple stores in London, many consumers would not bother to go all the trouble to buy the mini IPad. Distribution channel can be direct transaction between Apple to consumers but, it is can also be from Apple to retailers like Tesco then to consumers. Moreover, there are many distribution methods that business can choose from and each one of the business choose a different way to approach it to their customers. For example, market stalls, online, and stores. When Apple are to consider to select their distribution channel, they are certain factors that they must aware of. The first factor is market segment, so a place that must be familiar with the target market. Second factor is changes during the product life cycle as different channels can exploited at the different point. The third factor is the amount of training and support the distributor requires. In term of Apple, because they are a global business so, they are currently having many channels to distribute its mini IPad. The most common channel is through the Apple store that available to visit across many cities. However,  because demand for Apple’s product is too high, many consumers now prefer to pre-order and buy the product online which is much quicker and efficient. Conclusion In conclusion, all of the 4Ps elements of the marketing are to have a major impact on the mini IPad, therefore it is recommend that Apple must always careful with it.

Pol 300 class discussions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Pol 300 class discussions - Assignment Example The next time speculations are such that the games could be held in South Africa and most of the countries that lost will rise up to be future winners. The United States will receive much publicity based on the wide coverage of the players and, marketing of their products to be used in the games. As a result, the per capita will rise. The course has broadened my outlook on international events. The subject introduces various issues that are addressed in world concept and promotes the idea of integration at the international concept. The course raises the perspective of unity, peace, problems, and events where different states come together for a common goal. Events at the international level lead to establishment of networks that promote development and growth (Thomas, 1988). The events also help in the identification of flaws in various states that require attention and amendments as well challenges in the nations that need to be solved. At the same time, international events help in solution of problems since ideas are provided and information is shared. Innovation is also enhanced and new ways of doing things are learnt during these events (Thomas,

Ebook-Importance of technology in Retailing Assignment

Ebook-Importance of technology in Retailing - Assignment Example In the modern society and in the field of retail business, technology has taken a very significant role in the success of retail ventures (Jha, 2009). These different facets of technology include information systems like inventory control systems, customer record systems and business intelligence tracking (Jha, 2009, pp. 153). Due to the foreseen importance of technology in the working of modern retail business, this paper will explore the impact of technology on global retailing and also explore its impact on retail marketing in the UK. Further, the paper will explore the STP of retail marketing in the UK and also study the field of e-commerce. Advances in technology have led to an overlap in the traditional and the digital channels of retail marketing, which is evident from the dominant role of competitive intelligence and constant monitoring (Motorola Solutions, 2014). The trends that demonstrate the impact of technology in the global retail marketing field include that there has been a huge growth in the collection of customer-centric data. This information is used to offer indicators about the changes in the buying behaviours of customers (Deloitte). In the light of these modern global trends, visionary retailers have employed the technologies that personalize the shopping experiences of their customers; the implementation of these technologies has afforded better information and interconnectedness to customers (Motorola Solutions, 2014). The power of predictive data analytics has continued to offer retailers more access to structured and unstructured data; this change has enabled retailers to develop better insights about consumption trends and the behaviours of shoppers (Siegel, 2013). Forward-looking retailers are using different channels to do their retail marketing. The omnichannel outlook offers retailers, the opportunity to guarantee their

Organizational Structure Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 5

Organizational Structure Paper - Essay Example Despite the fact that they vary from one structure to another depending on the organizational objectives, organizational structures determine the particular modes involving the operation and performance of an organization. Considering the significant role played by organizational structures in determining the achievement of organizational objectives, this paper discusses IBM’s organizational structure and the various aspects attributed to it. Organizational structure has two major roles in an organization, in which it provides the foundational structure for establishing the standard operating procedures and routines and how particular individuals get to participate in the decision-making process in an extent of their view to shape the organization in a particular manner (Cordes, 2003). In such, organizational structure allows for the expressed allocation of duties and responsibilities for further actions based on functions and processes to different entities within the organization such as departments, groups, or even to individuals. A particular organizational structure used by an organization determines the organization’s success or failure. Different organizational structures exist for an organization to adopt and implement, depending on the objectives of a particular organization. IBM Inc. on its part works with a matrix organizational structure, which has both a functional and divisional aspects all incorporated into the organization’s operations. As such the functional aspects involves the grouping of individuals depending on their expertise, resources, and experiences to perform specialized tasks, whereas the divisional aspect involves divisions of operation such as product lines and markets, all channeled towards meeting IBM’s goals and objectives (Massa, 1993). Previously, IBM had a flat organizational structure, with little distinction between the executives and the lower-level employees. The matrix organizational

Research Progress Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Research Progress Report - Assignment Example There are several vehicles that authorities can employ to realize the genuine, effective participation of citizens in the governance process. One such vehicle is community councils. Following the amalgamation of Toronto in 1998, six community councils were established. The community councils were meant to serve as the platform for â€Å"participating† the residents of Metropolitan Toronto, the new amalgamated city. The notion of "amalgamation" entails merging smaller local authorities with one larger municipality to form one large metropolitan area. Promoters of city amalgamations argue that it is more cost-effective to provide services and goods to one larger municipality than in several small local government areas(Schwartz, 2010). However, many scholars are of the view that amalgamation has not worked for Toronto and that the community councils are weak. This paper compares the Toronto model with two others: New York and Montreal. Scholars consider New York a success and Montreal, like Toronto, a failure. Based on the findings of the case studies, the author recommends two reform options for Toronto. Until 1997, Toronto had a two-tier regional government. The Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto comprised the upper tier while the lower tier comprised the municipalities of North York, East York, Scarborough and Toronto and the borough of York. In late 1996, the premier of Ontario proposed the amalgamation of Metropolitan Toronto. They argued that the move could save $645 million during the transition and $300 million a year afterthat (Schwartz, 2010). However, a report by KPMG revealed that the transition cost the government of Ontario $275 million while they managed to save only $135 million a year. As of 2008, the city’s budget stood at $8.1 billion, up from $5 billion in 1997. Only the number of politicians fell, but increases in the councilors staff and office budgets have canceled any cost

Air Force Space Surveillance System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Air Force Space Surveillance System - Essay Example Practical, technical, and policy aspects of the Air Force Space Surveillance System Practically, the air force system for surveillance is used for the purpose of tracking objects with precise accuracy in the entire existing satellite catalogue. It is applicable also in the US military for the purpose of tracking both medium and large sized objects that exists in the orbit. It is capable of tracking approximately 23,000 manmade equipments and objects rotating in the orbit taken by Earth itself. This material information is used by the US military for the sole purpose of SSA operations and work. These operations include the detection of potential and dangerous manmade and natural threats to its orbiting satellites (Chaplian, 2010). Additionally, practically it is used for the detection of the close approaching objects that could result into devastating and unfortunate collisions. Technically, the air force system for surveillance has three distinctive transmitters located at differenti ated places in the United States of America. The differentiated technical locations are Lake Kickapoo, Jordan Lake, and Gila River. These places have been selected since they are strategically vital and workable with the surveillance system operative mechanisms. The one that is located at Lake Kickapoo is believed to be the most powerful and essential continuous wave station globally. It works and operates with a radiated power of about 768Â  kWv on a scope of 216.97927 MHz (Angelo, 2009). The other two locations have their own distinctive technical qualities as well. These qualities are the same. They both share the commonality of having the originality in design by possessing the antennas twice the current length. This is important as it allows the two transmitters to have greater and stronger radiated power. Apart from the transmitters, there exits receiving stations. Policy aspects of the AFSSS The policy aspects of the air force system for surveillance are numerous. The fast p olicy in regard to the air force system for surveillance was operated under a maintenance and operations contract. This ensured that the daily running and operations of the air force system for surveillance was under a contractual accord under the Five Rivers Service. The Five Rivers Service is based in Colorado. The other policy that revolved around the air force system for surveillance is that it had differentiated aspects that related to its running. This included policies regarding its contract modification aimed at managing, operating, and logistically supporting the total nine surveillance field stations. This was done for the fiscal year of 2012. It enabled the air force system of surveillance to continue to operate. Tool for decision-making The air force system for surveillance works by under a given contractor who mans it providing all the required labor support and personnel to maintain and operate all the seven AFSSS filed stations. The contractor works on checking the pe rformance of the seven field stations since the air force system for surveillance has been identifies as a crucial and vital defense system. The entire system works by being manned 24/7 on a 7-days-a –week basis annually at the respective transmitter sites. The tool is used for decision making since it monitors the threats that exist to space and earth satellites. This means that in any case when there is a threat of collision or damage probability on lone of these satellites; decisions have to be made on whether the threat should be terminated

Criminal Orginizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Criminal Orginizations - Essay Example No wonder that the same device which socially is a help may bring about new social trouble when groups clash with groups, or when minor units, families, crowds, or neighborhoods run counter to the demands of the supreme unit, the state. It is not always easy to reconcile conflicting codes and loyalties. The reading suggests that organized crime can be explained as illegal activities aimed to gain financial profits with the help of unlawful actions of disciple; Ned groups of people. The code is acknowledged and the state sets its categorical claims aside. Again group loyalty is permitted to assume the first place. Organized crime group life and structure are subject to other forces which do not stand still. They are deeply affected by technological innovations, the machine age, the age of birth control, the age of ideologies. Through the medium of nascent and dying units all these basic factors of human development and reversion bear on criminal behavior. A group comes into existence when at least one other person enters into relations with a given individual. Organized crime life presupposes interaction. The contact should therefore be not completely ephemeral or one-sided. A passer-by who happens to be knocked down in a dark street does not form a unit with the robber. He may be d runk and scarcely aware of the aggressor. He may even fight back. In no case has a group been set up. Yet there can be beginnings of organized crime with the policeman on his regular beat, with the boss, with a teacher or a priest. Imaginary partners and a person's sincere belief may constitute a social unit, fanciful, it is true, but operative (Lunde and Morton 2004). In general, organized crime groups require some continuity, intimacy, and emotional content. There are certainly group relations between father and son, between two friends, two lovers. Hate and fear are not absolutely group-preventing when compulsive nearness in a prison, in an office, in a neighborhood establishes a contact that otherwise would be avoided. Such units, of course, by necessity live on compromises, private nonaggression pacts, and methods of cooperation. Yet they may have a bearing on both partners' behavior. The "good" prisoner and the warden often live for years in the interdependence of this relationship and act accordingly. Much more often we think of a plurality of persons when we speak of social units. But the simple aggregate is not yet a group sociologically. It does not matter that they meet by chance in a certain square or room. This is just a multitude. But as soon as they go into the streets to show their love or their hate for the same man or the same cau se a metamorphosis has taken place. For a short time at least they have fallen in line psychologically; among all the remaining disparities one identity has made its appearance, which takes command of the multitude and suddenly makes it one, "unum," an organized crime unit. The permanence of these groups does not mean that behind their rigid structure individuals do not come and go. Young people leave their families and set up their own homes. In a highly competitive world, Organized crime groups are designed to substitute for individual competition. The strength of the organized crime u

Law of Digital Evidence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Law of Digital Evidence - Essay Example Additionally, computers are known to save some files irrespective of the user having deleted them or considered them eliminated from the device. Such observations allow for the complicating the entire process of promoting a search warrant on these devices. It further suggests that computer devices may not be classified along the regards or presentation of general warrants. It also implies that the interest of attributing computer searches to a different set of warrants acknowledges their unique qualities (Jarrett and Bailie, 100-114). Computers are general hubs of extremely personal information. They are considered to host information that defines individuals in a wholesome manner. They, further, have customized safety measures to allow for the protection of the contained information. Such attributes allow for the reflection of the personal nature of the information hosted or stored in these devices. Additionally, computers are utilized extensively in the expression of their users. Such is achieved via the extensive programs that are installed in these devices. The observations map these devices as rather unique to be subjected to the plain view of a search warrant (Jarrett and Bailie, 112). The decision over the approach that is considered to affect the respective computer devices remain advised by the nature of the information that aspires to be extracted. Apparently, search warrants are developed to in anticipation of the information to be established. Such observations regarding the particulars of these searches allows them to be regarded as rather exceptional from routine searches. The concern is further complicated by the elemental superiority associated to computers, especially on user security. Additionally, computers remain regarded as the best exemplification of personal space. The implication of these thoughts proposes the enforcement of a search warrant on these devices. However, the warrant should not be regarded or spelt under the

U03d1 Medicare Level of Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

U03d1 Medicare Level of Care - Essay Example There is also a Part D which covers for prescription drugs. The Part D that has been provided with the insurance is for the prescription drugs and this was mainly intended to improve the access of individuals to choose from different health plans based on their individual needs and requirements (Jacobson & Anderson, 2010). The main intension and idea of the Part D was to provide assistance to the senior citizens who were unable to afford a separate drug cover for the prescription drugs. In an article by Shaviro he explains, â€Å"The design of the new prescription drug benefit almost ensures that it will soon be expanded. True insurance provides people with coverage against worst-case scenarios, such as having to pay a lot for healthcare when they become gravely ill. It does not offer first-dollar coverage of routine expenses; this would merely encourage waste and be a handout to anyone who received the coverage without having to pay for it. But true insurance is not politically popular, because if you lose your insurance "bet" by not actually having a catastrophe that would trigger its coverage, you may complain, after the fact, that you didnt get anything out of it† (Shaviro, 2004). There have been numerous views and ideas that have been provided over the years for the viability of Part D of the Medicare. Several authors like Neuman and Cubanski, 2009, explain that one of best ways to reduce the costs is only of the government works towards negotiation with the pharmaceuticals rather than the private companies working towards the negotiations. The authors also talk about another program which will be introduced in 2010, and is known as the voucher demonstration project. To conclude the paper it is safe to say that the future of the Part D is mainly dependent on the costs and the cost cutting would lead to bettered performance of this part

Fast Food Nation Essay Example for Free

Fast Food Nation Essay Fast Food Is Linked to Obesity and Other Serious Health Problems Fast Food , 2009 Seth Stern is a staff writer at The Christian Science Monitor. Despite the fact that nutritional information about fast food is readily available, many fast food chains are taking the blame for the rise in obesity and other health problems across the nation. Some lawyers are considering the possibility that fast food chains could be held accountable for the health consequences of eating their food. The chains could also be responsible for the effects of their potentially misleading advertising, especially to children. These advertising messages can lead people to overeat, which is one of the reasons behind the obesity problem. For decades, Caesar Barber ate hamburgers four or five times a week at his favorite fast-food restaurants, visits that didnt end even after his first heart attack. But his appetite for fast food didnt stop Mr. Barber, who is 5 foot 10 and weighs 272 pounds, from suing four chains last month, claiming they contributed to his health problems by serving fatty foods. Legal Matters Even the most charitable legal experts give Barber little chance of succeeding. But his suit is just the latest sign that the Big Mac may eventually rival Big Tobacco as public health enemy No. 1 in the nations courts. Lawyers who successfully challenged cigarette manufacturers have joined with nutritionists to explore whether the producers of all those supersize fries and triple cheeseburgers can be held liable for Americas bulging waistlines. Prompted by reports that the nations obesity is getting worse, lawyers as well as nutrition, marketing, and industry economics experts will come together at a conference at Northeastern University in Boston to discuss possible legal strategies. Obesity can be linked to some 300,000 deaths and $117 billion in health care costs a year. Theyre looking at whether food industry marketing—particularly messages aimed at kids—may be misleading or downright deceptive under consumer protection laws, says Richard Daynard, a Northeastern law professor and chair of its Tobacco Products Liability Project. Theyll also consider the more complex question of whether the producers of fatty foods—and even the public schools that sell them—should be held responsible for the health consequences of eating them. A Toxic Food Environment Medical professionals argue that too much unhealthy food is sold by using tempting messages that encourage overeating. People are exposed to a toxic food environment, says Kelly Brownell of Yales Center for Eating and Weight Disorders. It really is an emergency. The figures are certainly startling. Obesity can be linked to some 300,000 deaths and $117 billion in health care costs a year, a report by the Surgeon General found [in 2001]. Such numbers prompted President [George W.] Bush to launch his own war on fat this summer [in 2002], calling on all Americans to get 30 minutes of physical activity each day. But fast-food industry representatives are quick to say, Dont just blame us. Steven Anderson, president of the National Restaurant Association, a trade group, says attorneys who attempt to compare the health risk of tobacco with those of fast food are following a tortuous and twisted logic. All of these foods will fit into [the] diet of most Americans with proper moderation and balance, he says. To be sure, there are big differences between tackling food and tobacco. Any amount of tobacco consumption is dangerous but everyone has to eat, Mr. Daynard says. And few if any foods are inherently toxic. Whats more, while there were only four or five tobacco manufacturers, there are thousands of food manufacturers and restaurants serving some 320,000 different products, says Marion Nestle, a professor of nutrition and food studies at New York University. People usually smoke one brand of cigarette. They eat in many restaurants and eat the same foods at home. That makes it almost impossible to prove that a persons obesity or health problems are caused by a particular food or restaurant. As a result, suits such as Barbers that attempt to pin the blame for weight-related problems on specific plaintiffs will run into difficulty in court, says Steven Sugarman, a law professor at the University of California, Berkeley. Suits by state attorneys general to try to recover the cost of treating obese patients, a tactic thats worked with tobacco, also could prove tough. Deceptive Advertising. Thats why lawyers are focusing on more modest suits aimed at advertising and marketing techniques, says John Banzhaf III, a George Washington University law professor who helped initiate the tobacco litigation three decades ago. For example, students in one of Professor Banzhafs courses helped sue McDonalds [in 2000] for advertising its french fries as vegetarian even though the company continued to use beef fat in their preparation. The company agreed to donate $10 million to Hindu and vegetarian groups as part of a settlement. But only in the past few months has Banzhaf considered similar suits as part of a concerted strategy to sue the food industry for false or deceptive advertising as a way of fighting Americans obesity. State consumer-protection laws require sellers to disclose clearly all important facts about their products. Just as a sweater manufacturer should disclose that it may shrink in the wash, Banzhaf says fast-food companies might have an obligation to disclose that a meal has more fat than the recommended daily allowance. Such class-action suits on behalf of people deceived by advertisements could recover the amounts customers spent on the food items but not money spent on related health costs. As with tobacco, marketing aimed at kids will be a particular focus of Banzhaf and his coalition of lawyers and nutritionists. Everybody is looking at children as the vulnerable point in this, says Dr. Nestle. She says shes received loads of e-mails and calls from plaintiff lawyers interested in advice since publishing Food Politics, a book critical of the food industrys marketing and its dominant role in shaping nutritional guidelines. While they know a quarter pounder is not a health food, a lot of people would be surprised to learn it uses up a whole day of calories for women. At a meeting in Boston [August 2002], Banzhaf said attorneys talked about suing Massachusetts school districts that sell fast food in their cafeterias or stock soda in their vending machines. These suits would be based on the legal notion that schools have a higher duty of care than restaurants. Fast-food restaurant chains, for their part, say theyre not hiding whats in their food. At Burger King, for example, nutritional information is supposed to be posted in every dining room. And on its website, Wendys lists 15 categories of information about its products, including total fat and calories for everything from the whole sandwich down to the pickles. Nutritionists say that the information doesnt put the calories in a context people can understand. While they know a quarter pounder is not a health food, a lot of people would be surprised to learn it uses up a whole day of calories for women, says Margo Wootan of the Center for Science in the Public Interest in Washington. Banzhaf acknowledges that litigation alone wont get Americans in better shape. Hed like nutritional information on the fast-food menu boards and wrappers or even health warnings similar to the ones now required on cigarettes. Still, Banzhaf says litigation will put producers of fatty foods on notice. When we first proposed smoker suits, people laughed too. Further Readings Books Paul Campos The Diet Myth: Why Americas Obsession with Weight Is Hazardous to Your Health. New York: Gotham, 2006. Autumn Libel Fats, Sugars, and Empty Calories: The Fast Food Habit. Philadelphia: Mason Crest, 2006. Gina Mallet Last Chance to Eat: The Fate of Taste in a Fast Food World. New York: Norton, 2004. J. Eric Oliver Fat Politics: The Real Story Behind Americas Obesity Epidemic. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006. George Ritzer McDonaldization of Society 5. Los Angeles: Pine Forge, 2008. Eric Schlosser Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal. New York: HarperPerennial, 2005. Eric Schlosser and Charles Wilson Chew on This: Everything You Dont Want to Know About Fast Food. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2006. Michele Simon Appetite for Profit: How the Food Industry Undermines Our Health and How to Fight Back. New York: Nation Books, 2006. Andrew F. Smith Encyclopedia of Junk and Fast Food. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2006. Morgan Spurlock Dont Eat This Book: Fast Food and the Supersizing of America. New York: G. P. Putnams Sons, 2005. Jennifer Parker Talwar Fast Food, Fast Track: Immigrants, Big Business, and the American Dream. Boulder, CO: Westview, 2003. Tina Volpe The Fast Food Craze: Wreaking Havoc on Our Bodies and Our Animals. Kagel Canyon, CA: Canyon, 2005. Periodicals Frank Bruni Life in the Fast-Food Lane, New York Times, May 24, 2006. Steve Chapman Force-Fed the Facts, Reason, June 23, 2008. Temple Grandin Special Report: Maintenance of Good Animal Welfare in Beef Slaughter Plants by Use of Auditing Programs, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, February 1, 2005. Anne Kingston and Nicholas Kohler L. A. s Fast Food Drive-by: A City Councils Ban on Fast-Food Chains Is a Provocative Social Experiment, Macleans, August 25, 2008. Laura Kipnis Americas Waistline, Slate, October 28, 2005. www. slate. com.Amelia Levin Good Food Fast, Foodservice Equipment Supplies, October 1, 2006. Sarah More McCann Wanted: Inner-City Supermarkets, Christian Science Monitor, June 27, 2008. Ruth Mortimer Why Fast-Food Brands Should Not Change Their Recipe for Success, Marketing Week, August 28, 2008. Evelyn Nieves Fla. Tomato Pickers Still Reap Harvest of Shame,' Washington Post, February 28, 2005. Jennifer Ordonez Fast-Food Lovers, Unite! Newsweek, May 24, 2004. Jonathan Rosenblum Fast Food Nation Interview: Eric Schlosser on Obesity, Kids, and Fast-Food PR, PR Watch, November 17, 2006.www. prwatch. org. Gary Ruskin and Juliet Schor Junk Food Nation, Nation, August 29, 2005. William Saletan Junk-Food Jihad, Slate, April 15, 2006. www. slate. com. San Francisco Chronicle Battle of the Bulge: Fast Food Is King at Arroyo High, June 29, 2003. Morgan Spurlock The Truth About McDonalds and Children, Independent (London), May 22, 2005. Full Text: COPYRIGHT 2005 Gale, COPYRIGHT 2006 Gale. Source Citation Stern, Seth. Fast Food Is Linked to Obesity and Other Serious Health Problems. Fast Food. Ed. Tracy Brown Collins. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2005. At Issue. Rpt.from Fast-Food Restaurants Face Legal Grilling. The Christian Science Monitor. 2002. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 28 Aug. 2012. Document URL http://ic. galegroup. com. ezproxy. taftcollege. edu/ic/ovic/ViewpointsDetailsPage/Vi ewpointsDetailsWindow? failOverType=query=prodId=OVICwindowstate=n ormalcontentModules=mode=viewdisplayGroupName=Viewpointslimi ter=currPage=disableHighlighting=falsesource=sortBy=dis playGroups=action=ecatId=activityType=scanId=documentId =GALE%7CEJ3010311212userGroupName=taftcoll_mainjsid=3f16b8df6b867664f0 b4be12be1db146 Gale Document Number: GALE|EJ3010311212.

Rolls Royces Strategic And Business Management Management Essay

Rolls Royces Strategic And Business Management Management Essay Rolls-Royce is founded in 1906 by Frederick Henry Royce and Charles Stewart Rolls (Pugh, Peter, 2001).Headquartered in London. As a diversified company, Rolls-Royce operates in four global markets namely civil aerospace, defense aerospace, marine and energy-in each of which it is among the worlds top three competitors. The company has manufacturing sites or service centers located in 50 countries around the world. Rolls-Royce produces both commercial and military engines civil and defense aerospace business for a broad customer base, including more than 650 airlines, 4,000 corporate and utility aircraft and helicopter operators, and 160 armed forces around the world. Rolls-Royce also supplies power generation systems to the oil and gas industry and is one of the worlds largest makers of marine propulsion systems. It maintains key operations in North America, Europe, and Asia, with emerging presence in the Middle East (Nancy Daniels, 2001). Rolls-Royces revenue for the year 2009 was  ¿Ã‚ ¡10,414 million, definitely higher than the figure for 2008, which is  ¿Ã‚ ¡9,082 million. In 2009, 44% of Rolls-Royces revenue came from civil aerospace, while defense aerospace, marine and energy each accounted for 20%, 26%, 10% (Rolls-Royce, 2009). 2. Analysis of the Current Business Environment Affecting the Industry 2.1 Macro-Environmental Analysis The PESTLE analysis (appendix A) details the main macro-environmental trends affecting the aviation industry. Of these, the economic crisis is the most pressing current issue but in the longer term, technological advancements remain central to the industrys progression. More international cultural exchange will accelerate the development of aviation industry, and the growth in developing countries needs more energy and a range of products serviced by Rolls-Royce. 2.2 Micro-Environmental Analysis Porters Five Forces analysis (appendix B) indicates that the threat of substitution in the aviation industry is fairly low. Limited to the technologies and standards, the airline company can only get the suitable parts from the original corporation which supplied the products. Threat of entry is quite low because the aviation industry needs the latest scientific and technological achievements and long-term technology accumulation as well as a lot of money and human resources, so the potential competitors are hard to entry. Suppliers are hard to influence the aviation industry, for the reason that big corporations such as General Electric (GE) and Rolls-Royce possess the key technologies, while the suppliers are so many that can be easily replaced. The power of buyers has increased somewhat due to ease of switching, transparency of costs. But they dont have many choices but only three. Overall, competitive rivalry within the aviation industry is very high due to the presence of General Electric (GE) and Pratt Whitney (PW), rapid technological change and intense products and services competition. 2.3 Main Opportunities and Threats The main opportunity is the increasing business in the jet aircraft market and growing aerospace and defense market as well as Rolls-Royces Strategic alliances and investments. The most prominent threat currently faced by the industry is the economic crisis. Based on a survey of randomly selected flight departments about their expected use and purchase plans over the next five years, market forecasters believe Europe will remain a major source of demand for business aircraft, and orders will reach record levels in the next five years. While most of Europe entered recession about a year later than the America, European orders are expected to recover once economic growth resumes (Ian Goold, 2010). The challenge of climate change will present a range of exciting opportunities for Rolls-Royce. Many customers will potentially consider investing in new technology earlier in order to minimize emissions. Equally there is likely to be a lot of interest in future low carbon technologies as well as alternative energy sources (Rolls-Royce, 2009). And as manufacturing employment has declined in Britain, there has been less reason for the best and brightest to study the subjects that manufacturing demands. Rolls-Royce executives say that the pool of experienced engineers, process managers and skilled workers from which the company can recruit is shrinking (The Economist, 2009). Any company engaged in global business should be aware of the risks of currency fluctuations. In such an economic environment, the exchange rate fluctuations can affect Rolls-Royces earnings and value. They are fully exposed to what is known as an exchange risk. 3. Analysis of Rolls-Royces Strategic Capabilities 3.1 How the various market trends have affected Rolls-Royce plc And after 1987 the various market trends are as following: Rolls-Royce was rescued by being nationalised by a Conservative government when the firm reached its nadir in 1971. Margaret Thatcher privatised it in 1987, when Rolls-Royces engines were then used by only a handful of airlines. There was a trend that the engine market would be dominated by GE and Pratt Whitney. After that, the core of the firms strategy had been to increase the number of its engines powering the worlds civil jets. There was a trend that defence spending would be reduced after 1987, which was the edge of the end of cold war. Growth in civil business was doubly important because Rolls-Royce was badly hit by the fall of the Soviet Union-at which time defence accounted for 60% of its revenues (The Economist, 2005). Government began to reduce defence spending, thus Rolls-Royce got less orders from the military. Worse for the firm, British Airways, which was Rolls-Royces old customer, equipped its new Boeing 777 wide-body planes with GE engines (The Economist, 2005). From then on, Rolls-Royce tried its best to get its engines on the wings of big airlines around the world. The British government used to be Rolls-Royces biggest customer, buying its jet engines for Royal Air Force planes and its nuclear power plants for Royal Navy submarines. But nowadays America (the biggest defense market by far) is its biggest defense customer, using its jet engines on todays jump-jet aircraft and planning to do so on the Lockheed Martin F-35 fighter, which promises to be the subject of the biggest contract in military history (The Economist, 2005). Nowadays America and British are facing the threat of international terrorist organizations, so the market is still promising. With the development of the worlds emerging economies, the world needs ever more tankers to transport oil and gas over long distances, and demand is growing for economical but high-power marine gas turbines to drive them, in place of the diesel-electric hybrid motors that have dominated until now. 3.2 Rolls-Royces development strategies According to these various market trends, Rolls-Royce increased the number of its engines to civil jet, and bought copper in order to push oil and gas along pipelines. In order to expand American market share, Rolls-Royce bought Allison. With over 80 per cent  of global commercial shipbuilding taking place in Asia, Rolls-Royce recently relocated its global headquarters for the Marine business to Singapore, bringing the Group closer to the customer base. The company had already placed its Global Headquarters for Marine Services and the regional headquarters for the Commercial Marine business covering Asia, the Middle East, India and Australia in Singapore. The operations also house one of Rolls-Royces global repairs and overhaul service centers. Rolls-Royce stands out as well for being the only company to offer an expanded OEM warranty (Rolls-Royce, 2009). As the expansion of the new markets and the use of new engine, Rolls-Royce has sold more services together with their products. Ansoff: product/ market matrix Product Current new Current penetration product development Market New market development diversification The theory of the Ansoffs: Product penetration refers to current product for current market. Aircraft engines Automation and control equipment Diesel and gas turbine engines Electric propulsion systems Engine support services Fuel cells Generators Offshore drilling equipment Overhaul and repair services Technical publications Training (Hoovers, Inc., 2009) Product development -it means new product for current market. Diesel and gas turbine engines; providing a better service Market development it means current product for new market. Marine motors ¼Ã…’Fuel cells ¼Ã…’Engine support services; Expanding American market share Diversification-It means new products for new market. Such as jet engines 3.3 How the main competitive advantage have been built up Competitive advantage refers to condition which enables a company to operate in a more efficient or otherwise higher-quality manner than the companies it competes with, and which results in benefits accruing to that company. After 1987 Rolls-Royce focused on four sectors which are civil, military, and marine as well as energy, and the firm continued its expenditure on investment and RD, it provides new products and new technologies. Rolls-Royces competitive advantage mainly focuses on core markets and core technology. We can see that, for the past decades years, the core strategy of the company has been to focuses on the four chosen markets namely civil aerospace, defense aerospace, marine and energy, now each of them are the top three in the world. Meanwhile, Rolls-Royce has increased the number of its engines powering the worlds civil jets, and the whole firm mainly makes all kind of engines, which accounts the majority of their revenue.   3.4 Evaluate the companys use of acquisitions Acquisitions means acquiring control of a corporation, called a target, by stock purchase or exchange, either hostile or friendly, also called takeover. After 1987 Rolls-Royce had several acquisitions as a method of strategic growth as following: (1) In 1996 Rolls-Royce bought Allison, its an American maker of small jet engines, mostly for corporate jets. This gave Rolls-Royce a significant presence in America-essential for any firm seeking to increase sales to the Pentagon (The Economist, 2005). From then on, American gradually  replaced Britain as Rolls-Royces largest market.   (2) In 1999 the company bought Vickers, a struggling arms-and-marine business. This acquisition took Rolls-Royce into the business of marine propulsion systems for warships. (3)In the same year Rolls-Royce bought Coopers, another specialist company, as the short cut in compressors with gas turbines in order to push oil and gas, which was very good for Rolls-Royces energy business. 3.5 Main Strengths and Weaknesses Rolls-Royces main weakness is they have to employ a lot of employee, which is very common in the manufacturing industry. It means Rolls-Royce has to pay a lot benefit for the retail employee. And sometimes, the orders may not be implemented well in such a big group corporation. There is another issue that Rolls-Royce has to focus on, that is, the increasing inventory which is caused by the unexpected order or demand. This will increase the companys operating costs. Rolls-Royces main strength is they are a leading integrated power systems company operating in the civil and defense aerospace, marine and energy markets. They have built their golden quality of their band, and they have regular partners and customers, for whom they will provide sustainable products and services. Furthermore, Rolls-Royce is a global corporation, so their business has a diversified geographic spread, which can be a source of guaranteed profit. Also they have a strong and trustful leadership to guarantee the right direction the corporation goes. Evaluation of Rolls-Royces Recent Strategies Rolls-Royces recent strategy is based on five key elements: 4.1 Address four global markets Rolls-Royce should focuses on the four core businesses, civil aerospace, defense aerospace, marine and energy, which are the most four profitable markets to the corporation. And there are still a lot to be done in order to develop the international market. As we know, Europe and the American market accounted for the majority of revenue, thus Asia and African are two emerging markets to emphasize. In some developing countries, Rolls-Royce will benefit from the preferential policies and cheap labor force. 4.2 Invest in technology, infrastructure and capability Rolls-Royce needs to invest more in RD to develop more innovative, environment-friendly products in order for it to keep the possession of advanced technologies and to offer better services. Meanwhile, with the development of the global market, it is necessary to invest more on the infrastructure to offer better services and attract more customers. 4.3 Develop a competitive portfolio of products and services As mentioned above, a competitive portfolio of products and services can consolidate existing markets and explore new markets. 4.4 Grow market share and installed product base Across the group, the installed base of engines in service is expected to generate attractive returns over many years (Rolls-Royce, 2009). 4.5 Add value for the customers through the provision of product-related services. Rolls-Royce should seek to add value for their customers with aftermarket services that will enhance the performance and reliability of their products (Rolls-Royce, 2009). 4.6 Others Manufacturing industry need a lot employee to make products, so Rolls-Royce could move the manufacturing centers to countries with low labor costs, which can greatly cut the cost. 4.7 Key Competitors GE Aviation and Pratt Whitney are Rolls-Royces top competitors. General Electric (GE) enjoys a very strong position in the wide body market, with the CF6 and GE90 engines powering about 40% of aircraft in the class. Pratt Whitney (PW) and Rolls-Royce each have about a 30% market share with the JT9D/PW4000 and the RB211/Trent series, respectively (Aircraft Economics, 2004/2005). To date, the most fuel efficient single-aisle jet engine belongs to Pratt Whitney, a considerably smaller player. The company unveiled its PW1000G geared turbofan in 2008 after a decade of development and promised it would reduce fuel burn by some 12% to 15% compared to todays engines (WSN Staff, 2010). In other business areas, there are some Rolls-Royces competitors not as big as GE and Pratt Whitney, such as SAFRAN, Emerson Electric, GE Honda Aero Engines, Honeywell Aerospace, IHI Corp, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, McDermott, Siemens AG, and Volvo. 5. Evaluation of Rolls-Royces leadership Sir John Rose took over as CEO in 1996. Rolls-Royces CEOs used to have an engineering background until Sir John Rose. He likes the intensely challenging job in Rolls-Royce which has something to do with His adventurous lifestyle, I guess. His leadership is critical to Rolls-Royces success. Rose insisted on continuing to invest substantially in the Trent engine series and it proved to be very important. Under Roses direction, the second largest business of Rolls-Royce, marine propulsion also has fared very well over the past years (Heller, Richard, 2005). Sir John Rose attaches importance to the after-sales business. And it makes sense, because engine services and sales of spare parts to replace worn components make up more than 50 percent of turnover. All in all, Rolls Royces leadership is smart, mature ¼Ã…’dynamic, aggressive and trustworthy. 6. Conclusion Rolls-Royce, the global leader in power systems and services for air, land and sea, will focus on both the importance of services for its civil and defense aerospace markets and its newest programs for these markets, mainly on the global market. In civil and military business, they can also through acquisition of developing countrys jet industry to expand market segment. Therefore there are tremendous opportunities for future business in expanding consumer markets, such as China and India. After setbacks in the exploration, the corporation has achieved a positive development under the leadership of Sir John Rose.

Objectives Of The Masala Restaurant Commerce Essay

Objectives Of The Masala Restaurant Commerce Essay Masala restaurant is situated at mission bay, Auckland. There are totally 8 branches of the restaurant all over New Zealand and plans are in the pipeline to open more. The place is becoming popular as it provides cheap and good quality food apart from the large menu. The restaurant and its other branches are solely owned by Mrs. Jyoti Jain. It caters to wide number of people and of various cultures. I had an interview from Jaspreet jassi who is the manager of masala restaurant, mission bay. Hence the menu contains food from various countries but the speciality of the restaurant is mainly Indian. To capture the market and have a diverse group of customers some of the spicy Indian foods are made light and sometimes sweet to cater to the New Zealanders. The service towards the customers too is very professional. Objectives of the restaurant 1. The main objective of the restaurant is to provide a wide range of food at reasonable prices. 2. Within 3 years the restaurant became popular in Auckland and few other places, so they would like to expand and have more branches in other places in New Zealand. 3. Their current strategy is to have 25 branches in whole of New Zealand by the year 2015. 4. They would like to be an active and vocal member of the community and participate in various community activities. 5. To help in financial contribution through continual re-investment. Finding and Analysis Organization Structure and communication channels Masala restaurant is one of the leading Indian restaurants in New Zealand. Earlier it was a small food joint with limited Indian food catering only to the Indian community in Auckland. Later the owner realized that there were many people apart from Indians who also liked the Indian food but opted for little less spicy food. So the management decided to make their foods at three levels of spiciness, less, medium and hot. Through feedback from regular customers, they realized that they needed to increase the varieties on the menu. Then they added many new dishes and each time a new dish was tried out the customers feedback was taken into account and further decisions were made based on this. The employees understand their role and responsibilities towards the company. There are opportunities for both top-down bottom-up communication as it is necessary for the restaurant use both ways for communication. Bottom-up is moves as per the system and used in several area like: Motivation teams, mounting knowledge opportunities, replicating human development, increasing communication, improve confidence. A business needs to develop a strategy that is a balance of both the top-down and bottom-up in order to be effective. The top-down approach includes leadership development, equal employment and zero tolerance policies, training, recruitment and retention programmes, social responsibility initiatives, linking diversity to business goals and cultural-change initiatives. This approach is required for top level leaders in order to visualize and articulate the creation of an inclusive environment inside the organization. Implementing of these requires hard work and the ability to see the restaurant from the bottom-up. Bottom-up strategies is more process focused. It focuses more on an individual. To identify that every person is different and it can happen only one person at a time. Hence different learning solutions and strategies have to be made as per each individual. Most often it is the responsibility of the top management during an issue or problem but in bottom-up approach its the responsibility of each individual (Winters, 2010). In a zero tolerance policy the employees will hesitate to say anything thinking they might get fired but in a bottom-up approach it is a natural work team where there is more of learning in order to understand better and hence helps the team to perform more effectively. By using the bottom-up approach every leader right from the team leader to the top position all are teachers. Through their own behavior they project themselves as thought leaders or primary teachers. Top-down approach is more for the office while the bottom-down is more for the team. Everybody has a say in the organization hence more chance of improving the restaurant (Winters, 2010). Due to all these above reasons the restaurant has to balance the two approaches and not follow just one. From the study on Masala restaurant it is found that the restaurant does not have a balance between the two approaches. In order to make this a success every member should get involved in the restaurant. If the restaurant uses only the top-down then there are chances of the diversity initiative stopping in the middle or even before it starts. By the time the messages or information reaches the lower level it could have changed, issues misunderstood and an important goal or strategy may reach in the end as a mere thought. In such a case the restaurant will lose time and money of all those who are involved. Work teams and group dynamics The work environment in the restaurant is a bit relaxed and everything depends on the line manager who is currently responsible for everything. There are two types of managers: those who exercise their power and show their leadership qualities obtained through experience and the other type are those who in order to get their team work done will take everything upon themselves and do most of the team members tasks. In most cases the managers tend to be calm and are indistinguishable from other employees. Team work is categorized based on different field of specialization. Some are appointed according to different experience and some as per the requirement. The manager creates a team and defines their roles and responsibilities. They focus on what they have to deliver and what their final destination is. Every team has a team leader, who always creates or subdivides task for the team and manage his/her group members in helping them achieve their goal and create doorways by motivating them to get them to better success which will help in their promotion path. The processes which have to be followed by an organization to ensure productive team performance are: By developing goals and plans for everyday use. Enhance communication among every member in the team Decision making and solving problems Building and maintaining positive relationships with crews. Resolve conflicts. Managers always initiate the task, whatever the task may be. The first step is taken by the manager and he decides the allocation of teams and schedules. General Manager has the superior authority because Manager reports to the General manager and he given all the ideas about task maintenance and role performance, Once he allocates them then manager has the authority to distribute it. There are several ways to get the team output but generally the Masala restaurant use audit tools to see the performance parameter and get the team resolutions. Stakeholder communication A stakeholder is any individual or organization whoever is affected by the businesss activities. They can be directly or indirectly be interested in the company. They can be in contact with the company on daily basis or on certain occasions. It can be the owners, the employee, the customers, the suppliers, the marketers or the advertisers and more. Every stakeholders priorities are different. The owners want good profit and sell quality food at cheap prices. For the suppliers it is to supply good quality ingredients and other necessities at competitive price to the restaurant and as well make good profit. For the customers it is good and tasty food at cheap price. For the marketers and advertisers it is profit. For the employees it is a totally different reason a good salary, regular pay hike and scope for growth within the restaurant. Health inspectors too are stakeholders as their analysis result and certification is what builds up the confidence in the customers mind that the place they are eating in is as per the quality standards and hygiene. There are various such stakeholders as mentioned above who are directly or indirectly linked by the activities of the restaurant, but out of all these the most important one is the customer. The running of the business and its profits depends on the customers. Organization culture employee obligations The culture and ambience in the restaurant is very friendly. The manager and its team of employees are very happy and satisfied working in the restaurant. They are content with their own responsibilities but it is not helping the restaurant. The manager being at the higher level is in a position to exercise his power, take decisions and act accordingly. When there are new employees who are in the learning process, the manager usually takes charge. He patiently does the work of the employees whenever required. He sometimes deals with customers till the employees learn. In most companies the managers use various approaches to sell their products and give utmost customer satisfaction. It is the role of the manager to be able to take orders, feedback and other alternatives in order to make their decision, not just to give orders. The more a manager is close to the team the better are the results at later stages of development and the employees become comfortable to go beyond the actual r ole activities. (Northhouse, 2007). Communication Technologies and tools Effective communication is required for any business to function properly. If workers dont communicate with one another the business cannot go a long way. This could result in the form of missed or wrong deliveries, mix up of food and customer specification. Nowadays companies use sharepoint, intranet sites, instant messaging and email. Intranet sites are helpful for small businesses to update or keep their employees in the track of communicating new information. The workers can add about business wins, post job opportunities and sometimes put up periodic surveys (Conrad, 2012). The most important and valuable form of communication among businesses is instant messaging. This has become more superior then email. The managers and supervisors can keep a check on their workers such as if they have signed in and if they are at their desks or work. The answers for the business are also very instant and quick compared to emails. However emails are still effective and widely used, especially if it is one to one communication. Through online marketing the businesses can also let visitors and others outside New Zealand to know about their restaurant and can give them international offers. Conclusion Masala restaurant is a small and growing business in New Zealand. The restaurant has a good and tasty menu catering to people from various countries with their various foods. In the beginning the restaurant was open only during the weekends but now is open seven days a week and have customers throughout the week. After introducing the bar section there has been more people visiting the restaurant. The restaurant is a medium scale restaurant and the food is affordable by all, but the staff appointed are not very educated and do not come from the food industry. There are no growth opportunities in the restaurant for the educated people hence those with no experience and required qualifications do not join the restaurant. The manager is the one leading the whole show. If the people appointed are from the industry and have certain knowledge of the food industry, it will help reduce the burden on the manager and make it easier to deal with the customers. The workers will not approach the manager for everything and will be able to decide and sort out things in a better way. The restaurant has a huge scope and potential to grow if there are more investors and the business moves away from being a sole proprietorship. Opening of franchises will help the restaurant to grow and reach a large number of people. Introduction of recipes using seasonal foods too will be an added advantage. An in-house training if provided will give the workers scope for a better future and hence people from the industry would think of joining the restaurant. From the field study done it has been observed that there needs to be a change in the companys values and objectives. A change in the work culture will greatly help the restaurant in future growth. Recommendations Organization structure and communication Channels On doing the research I found that there is still scope for the restaurant to perform much better in future. I would like to recommend that the managers can make the employees perform and enjoy their work if there are many activities involving both the management and the employees. This way the employees will be freer to convey better and give customers feedback to the restaurant. The managers constant support does not get the utmost from the employees. The manager for better performance of his team puts more effort where the employees are not doing a committed or serious work. Communication Technologies and tools Masala restaurant does not have a proper website. There is a need to have a new website with constant updating. They can send emails to customers informing them of latest offers and new additions to the menu. They can also market through social websites like facebook and other networks. Apart from all these they can also advertise in papers or through pamphlets and flyers. The restaurant can go global and also open more franchises. Each branch can be owned independently. This way the restaurant can grow. They need to install new machinery like latest baking machines and upgrade as high tech as possible taking care of the financial aspect. By developing their website they can also introduce door delivery and undertake small contracts such as birthday parties and social get together. Work teams and group dynamics The environment has to be friendlier and knowledge based, so that the team works well and communicates effectively among themselves. Sometimes there are issues where one employee does not tell the other employee what feedback a customer has given. It is very important in the food industry to know the tastes, likes and wants of the customers. Every conversation is an important feedback to better the restaurant. The food has too much sweetness, which is not liked by many Asians. Care should be taken on this. Handling of the bar too requires attention. Staff needs to be trained. Most of the employees are Indians it will help if they have a few locals or a multi-cultured environment. This will bring diverse customers through the employees too. To motivate the employees they can introduce rewards like incentives, food coupons, free weekend trip. This is the way to keep the entire employee up to date and attentive. There is another way to create Employee of the month and team of the month in the restaurant. Stakeholder Communication Stakeholders involvement is very important. The restaurant is not very involved or interested in communicating with their suppliers. Regular meetings with them will give better feedback. Discounts on certain days kept aside for the family and friends of suppliers and the employees will bring in more people. Stakeholders are the fastest mode of communication. By Word-of-mouth more people are likely to visit the restaurant as it builds confidence in new visitors who are trying the restaurant for the first time. Apart from profits other goals like quality and hygiene are to be taken care of too. Following the above recommendations will help Masala restaurant to reap better profits and expand their branches. Better strategies and company policies involving the recommendations will also to a certain extent bring down the issues faced in the restaurant and develop an interest among the employees to learn new things. Apart from that there is scope for the employees to grow. Value to the Organization This business report is really helpful to the organization because in this I worked out on the various issues related to the communication have some points which can be helpful to the organization with the help of the report they can improve their communication process or they also come to know about the problem at their communication system. In my report I also recommend some ideas, which I learn during my study. According to me, it will give some more benefits and clear communication system. During my report I found many things, like masala restaurant have their 8 branches all over the new Zealand, It is family owned business, now the owner of masala is jyoti jain. She looks after all the branches. My report helps them in many ways because I analyze all the categories and provide the best recommendations. If they use that ideas it may help them to become a challenger to their competitors. So according to me they make a specific person or way to convey the messages or communication. Email, video calling is good example for clear communication. It helps the organizations into many ways

Somali Piracy Culture Essay example -- Somalia Pirates

Somalia is one of the poorest nations in the world whose economy depends largely on their fishing industry. However, powerful nations have ruined the country’s fishing industry by using huge offshore fishing vessels and by illegally dumping waste material into the Somali coastline. The UN Security Council, the European Union, and NATO largely supported these acts through resolutions. Being confronted by these powerful institutions, a powerless nation, such as Somalia, does not have an array of resources to battle this exploitation. To make their voice be heard, a Somali Pirate culture developed in the past twenty years. It consists of hijacking vessels and demanding a ransom. While their actions did not attract much attention in the beginning, publicity and awareness of this issue has steadily increased. The purpose of this paper is to show that the Somali pirate culture has reached a point, where they successfully influence the global economy, which has consequences in countr ies around the world. By controlling international trade routes, Somali pirates uphold this power. These efforts by the Somali pirates exhibit their disparity and signify that they will not allow the piracy of their own resources without retaliation. To draw attention to their dire situation, the Somali pirate culture developed over two decades ago, raiding fishing and commercial boats and ships in order to demand ransom from other countries. Though their methods may not be of the most legit methods, their efforts have been effective. Somalia’s coastline extends to just under two thousand miles, allowing control to most of where the Gulf of Aden empties out into the Indian Ocean, and creates a choke point. â€Å"Equipped with small skiffs, firearms, grapnels and ... ... very reason this culture has been initiated, they continue to fight the war against the Somali pirates. Works Cited Agence France Presse. (2009, April 15). Inquirer.net. Retrieved January 12, 2011, from Inquirer.net: http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/world/view/20090415-199432/Facts-and-figures-Somalia-piracy Reuters. (2009, April 15). Reuters. Retrieved January 12, 2011, from Reuters.com: http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE53E2JR20090415?pageNumber=2 Thakurta, S. (2008, October 10). Somalia piracy: The world can't afford to ignore . Retrieved January 12, 2011, from Merinews: http://www.merinews.com/article/somalia-piracy-the-world-cant-afford-to-ignore/144093.shtml Wright, R. (2011, January 16). Financial Times. Retrieved January 17, 2011, from FT.com: http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/658138a6-219b-11e0-9e3b-00144feab49a.html#axzz1BKVMULD0

How animal research has advanced the understanding of depression :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Animal models have made numerous progresses in the last century. This type of research has made a difference in the way we look at psychological issues such as depression. This paper is a review of the literature on animal models of depression. The issue of what advances have been made will be explored. The effects of serotonin on many issues have been studied. In this paper stress, learning, memory, brain derived neurotrophic factor, ovarian hormone withdrawal, and effects of certain drugs will be looked at. Let’s look at stress and serotonin first. Stress   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A study done by Grippo, Sullivan, Damjanoska and colleages (2004) shows that chronic mild stress provokes behavioral and physiological changes and may change serotonin receptor function in rats. In this study sixty four Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Half were male and the other half were female. The following stimuli were used as stressors which include:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Continuous light for 2 12 hour periods   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Forty degree tilt along vertical axis of cage for 6 hour period   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Paired housing for a 16 hour period and 4 hour period   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Damp bedding with 300 mL water spilled on bedding for 16 hour period   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Water deprivation for 16 hour period   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Empty water bottle following 16 hour water deprivation for 1 hour   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Stroboscopic light with 300 flashes a minute for a 6 hour period and 4 hour period   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  White noise at approximately 90 dB for 4 hour period of continuous noise and a 3 hour period with random intermittent noise All the stressors were given over a period of one week, and randomly presented for 3 additional weeks for a total of 4 week trial. All the rats were injected with a receptor agonist and were decapitated 15 minutes after the injection for the trunk blood. The 4 week trial resulted in the rats showing signs of depression, and satisfied adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) responses to the receptor agonist. The trials also sparked a lack of pleasure in both male and female rats.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another studied related to stress was done by Gregus, Wintink, David and Lalynchik (2005). This study looked at corticosterone injections and stress and how this relates to depression. Sixty naà ¯ve Long-Evans male rats were used. The rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups and were given corticosterone injections (CORT), vehicle injections, repeated restraint stress and repeated handling. These treatments were given for 21 days. The CORT group and vehicle group were given injections at random times during the light and dark cycles.

Project Management Summary Essay

Strategic portfolio management plays an intricate part in project management. Through this paper, the reader will gain a stronger understanding of the relationship that strategic portfolio management plays in project management. Strategic Management Relation to Project Management Project management involves several parts, but the meaning must be understood first. â€Å"Project management is the planning, organizing, directing, and controlling of company resources for a relatively short-term objective that has been established to complete specific goals and objectives† (Kezner, 2013, p4). Knowing this allows the project manager to implement steps toward achievement of the defined goals and objectives. Part of these steps has to do with strategic management. Project management is strategically managed to advance the corporation’s organizational goals. Strategic management insures the right initiatives are pursued and supported with resources. Strategy today needs to align to a more fluid nature of business environments. It has to be flexible enough to adapt constantly to changing external and internal conditions. The relationship between strategic portfolio management and project management is a very important relationship. Strategic management compliments project management in that it attempts to ensure success by way of doing things at the most opportune time. If a company attempts something too early or too late then possible negative consequences may occur. Projects, within programs or portfolios, are a means of achieving organizational goals and objectives, often in the context of a strategic plan. Although a group of projects within a program can have discrete benefits, they can also contribute to the benefits of the program, to the objectives of the portfolio, and to the strategic plan of the organization. Conclusion As stated at the beginning of this paper â€Å"strategic portfolio management  plays an intricate part in project management†. The reader should now have a stronger understanding of the relationship that strategic portfolio management plays in project management. References Kerzner, Ph.D., H. (2013). Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling (11th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection. Project Management Institute. (2013). A guide to the project management body of knowledge. (PMBOK guide). Newtown Square, Pa: Project Management Institute.

Meno’s Dialogue

I strike always been fascinated at the brain of the saying if at first you wearyt succeed, try try again. tuition to me has always been upon the idea of task solving, that we m olderiness com mence to bit turn out the equity while stumbling upon questions and false arranges. In Menos dialogue with Socrates, Meno attempts to ask Socrates if justice dejection be acquired. Expecting a bold and deoxyguanosine monophosphate statement as heard upon by his sophist peers from Thessaly, Meno was amazed to hear that Socrates had no clue to his question, even going hike up by stating that Socrates hasnt met anyone who keep an eye ons what moral excellence is. composition in their quest to mold out if justness can be acquired by teaching, they struggle by the logic can it. Meno points out by be virtue as a list on that point will be no difficulty, Socrates, in answering your question. Let us press first the virtue of a man-he should love how to administer the state, and in the administration of it to return his friends and harm his enemies. A womans virtue, if you wish to know about that, whitethorn also be easily draw her duty is to order her house, and keep what is indoors, and follow her husband.Every age, every condition of life, one-year-old or old, male or female, nonplus or free, has a different virtue there atomic number 18 virtues numberless, and no overleap of definitions of them for virtue is relative to the actions and ages of each of us in all that we do. further Socrates manages to debunk this error with his example of Menos list of virtues existence like a swarm of bees. A second attempt by Meno makes the same mistake as the first, as Meno manages to say that wellness is a virtue I should say that health is the same, both in man and woman. A third attempt at defining what virtue also comes up rescind handed. After coming up with no luck, Meno states that he feels numb and confused, and this is known in the story as conundr um of inquiry.The paradox states that learning isnt possible, because you either know what youre looking for or you do not. But rather than macrocosm coercive or simply giving up, Meno manages to bear in mind to what Socrates is about to teach him, unlike the old and conceited politician Anytus, who is insulted after Socrates debunks his possibleness of talking to any gentleman on the streets of Athens to see true irtue by explaining that not all the sons of well-respected Athenian men turned out to be undefiled and well off. Thus, both Socrates and Meno are problem solving to run a risk out if virtue can be taught to an individual by using one of Menos slaveboy as an example. Socrates then manages to draw a straight with four equal sections and asks the slave to find the length of the side of a agora that has an area thats double in size. As the slave in arrangely attempts to answer time after time the correct answer, it proves to us something about how learning proceeds.Th e slaveboy manages to figure out the correct answer with Socrates still telling him hints to figure out the problem. We in the end are not stuck in a paradox and learning is possible by ever using the dialectical method, that is, constantly questioning oneself. What does all this mean for the personality of reasoning or logos and its greatness in coming to know things? It at last shows us that mankind wonders for things and are impulsive to learn, even if they are unknown to them. level(p) in the ancient days of Athens, pot were curious to learn and obtain unsanded knowledge.The way people learn is by through dialectic method, as I mentioned earlier, to have back and forth backchat with your arguer or yourself until you have come to right conclusion or answer. As we have with the slaveboy, he repeatedly wondered and questioned himself until he manages to stumble upon the correct answer, rather than being spoonfed by Socrates. A common likeness to this story I grew up wi th thats common to me is the education system I went through in Indonesia and here in the United States.In Indonesia, learning and being spoonfed are both intertwined, as teachers would confound you the answer to the questions ahead of time and students are supposed to regurgitate the information back. here in the United States, more unfavorable intellection comes into play into the education I got here, I was forced to think through for my answers rather than the teacher giving me the answer. As in the story of Meno, such dialectic reasoning or critical thinking is prevalent in trying to find out the truth.

How to Use 2g and 3g Gprs Mobile Internet on Your Computer Essay

Imagine a situation where you study to send an primary(prenominal) email to your friend or stereotype and your net doesnt scat. Imagine the helplessness, the frustration, the anger. I am pretty sure you didnt imagine it unless rec tout ensembleed a secondment when something of the sort actually happened to you. Internet connectivity, although turn better with each passing twenty-four hour period is still a luxury in many parts of the world, especially in rural areas. But the advent of smart send fors is ever-changing that. at onceadays, you brook connect to the network really easily use your fluent phone. I hope I am non the lonesome(prenominal) one to feel this but victimization the internet on the active is just not as childs play or convenient as using it on a estimator. So today, I ordain teach you how to connect to the internet on your ready reckoner using the GPRS internet pack you fuck off on your expeditious phone. The recipe is simple. Heres the ingre dients1. A datacable OR a bluetooth enabled busy phone(your computer should be bluetooth enabled too in this case). 2. The conveyful drivers to use your mobile as a modem. Make sure the internet on your mobile phone is works in front actually waiver through the adjoining steps. Installing the driversFirst lets install the drivers needful to use your phone as a modem. To check if they are already installed, go to go for Panel-Phone and Modem-ModemsIf you can see the modem for your mobile phone, then you can skip the close few paragraphs. If not, then install the PC suite for your mobile phone on your computer and connect your phone to it and the drivers will be installed automatically. If you dont have the PC suite, either deckload it from an different(prenominal) PC with an internet connection or if you are a geek, you can download the specific drivers for only the modem from the internet. Go choke to Control Panel-Phone and Modem-Modems to double check if the modem is i nstalled.CONFIGURING YOUR speech soundS MODEMI will prototypic explain the connection procedure using a data cable. * Go to Control Panel-Phone and Modem-Dialing Rules. get hold of on New and contract India as the country and write the nought code of the place where you are going to use the internet. Leave the other palm as they are and bosom OK. Now hot dog on the Modems tab again. submit the modem you are going to use and cover properties. Choose the Advanced tab in the dialog box that follows in the position for Extra Initialization Commands type the interest codes depending on your cable operatorAIRTELAT+CGDCONT=1,IP,airtelgprs.comAIRCELAT+CGDCONT=1,IP,aircelgprs.com compositionAT+CGDCONT=1,IP,ideagprs.comTATA DOCOMOAT+CGDCONT=1,IP,TATA.DOCOMO. meshingVODAFONEAT+CGDCONT=1,IP, www simulatet get freaked out if the only two selections in the drop down list downstairs are japan and Afghanistan(I did), you can leave it as it is and press OK. Please doublecheck the part a fter IP from your mobile internets adjusttings in the beginning you continue. It is called APN(Access Point Name) and it allows you to access the internet from your mobile phone e.g. The APN for Airtel is airtelgprs.com. They may differ in your state from the ones I have shown here.CONNECTING TO THE INTERNETNow go to Control Panel-Network and share-out C grave and cut across Set up a new connection or network. In the menu that follows, deal Set-up a dial-up connection.Enter the phone cast as *99 without the quotes. Leave everything else empty. You can change the name of the connection to some(prenominal) you want.Youre done Now go to the network icon and double dog on the connection you just created. adore the internet. If an error 734 occurs, it means thateither the internet on your mobile is not working right now or that you have entered the wrong APN. freeze your APN and reconfigure the settings. Your internet should work fine. Also, dont forget to aim No Proxy in your w eb browsers connection settings. Now lets cash in ones chips on to connection using bluetooth. air out bluetooth on both your mobile phone and your computer. Pairing your mobile phone with your computerIf your mobile is already paired, move on to the next section. If not, Go to Control Panel-Devices and Printers-Bluetooth Devices and click on Add a machination. Let the setup find your bluetooth plait and click on it to pair with it. Check your mobile phone and match the passkeys. Now, all the processes are the like as the data cable with a few differences. To set up the modem you can right click on the icon for your phone in the Bluetooth Devices folder and click on modem or you can go to Phone and Modem as before and select Standard Modem over Bluetooth Link and do everything exactly the same way as I explained before.Now, we need to set up a dial-up connection. Go back to Bluetooth Devices and double-click on the icon for your phone. Click the Connect button which is next to delectation your phone to connect to the internet. If it doesnt work the first time, select the option to enter the details manually. Now enter the phone number as *99 and enjoy. The version of windows while writing this tutorial is Windows 7 Premium. The process is similar for other versions. Ill be write some other one for connecting your mobile internet to a computer with a linux-based operating dodging later. If you had any problems, please comment below and I will reply with a solution.